The White Lotus rebellion was an eight year uprising that led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty. Southern Shensi, with its great amounts of vacant land, attracted immigrants on a large scale after severe famines and crop failures had occurred in Hupeh and Szechwan provinces in the 1770s. By 1900, foreign powers including Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan had established "spheres of influence" along China's coastal areas. The Qianlong Emperor (r. 173596) sent Helin (, brother of Heshen) and Fuk'anggan to quell the uprising. In 1794, a similar movement arose in the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces in central China, initially as a tax protest. The White Lotus Rebellion began as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. Write in the blank the verb and tense indicated in parentheses. When Chinese peasants raised a huge anti-foreigner movement in 1900, called the Boxer Rebellion, they initially opposed both the Qing ruling family and the European powers (plus Japan). White Lotus Rebellion, (1796-1804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). . Snow Lotus | Frisco TX Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). The White lotus (Bailian Jiao, ) was a Buddhist political and religious movement that believed in a universal female divinity, the "Unborn Old Mother" who would gather all of her children towards the end of the millennium, into one large family. [2][3], The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The Rebellion is estimated to have caused the deaths of some 100,000 rebels.[1][2]. After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. [citation needed], For the 14th-century rebellion also related to the White Lotus, see, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 03:10, "Civilians Go into Battle: Hired Militias in the White Lotus War, 17961805", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Lotus_Rebellion&oldid=1139241640, Dai, Yingcong. The rebellion was ended by the deaths of some 100,000 rebels. And so the war was waged. This is a list of major rebellions that have occurred in China from 209 BCE to present times. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. In 2014, with the publication of White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates: Crisis and Reform in the Qing Empire (2014), Wensheng Wang challenged the perception of the Jiaqing reign (1796-1802) as a "dead middle hiatus" between its past and present by arguing that the emperor successfully carried out policy reforms that readjusted the priorities of governance and enabled the dynasty to . [8] The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. Tibet has been an independent country throughout the historical period and since time immemorial according to Tibetans' own myth-based sense of, Xinjiang (shnjyng) or Sinkiang (shnjyng, snkyng) [Chinese,=new frontier], officially Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Mandarin Xinjiang U, For more information on Chinese history and culture, seeVol. Local disaffection broke out in the so-called White Lotus Rebellion of 1796-1804, which was centerd in the Szechwan- Shensi- Hupeh- Honan border regions. [3] According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. Consequently, a person's actual participation in sectarian activities had no impact on his or her arrest; what really mattered was whether monetary demands were met or not. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. At first the Ch'ing administration, under the control of Ho-shen, sent inadequate and inefficient imperial forces to suppress the ill-organized rebels. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The young pretender, Wang Fa-sheng, was never any other than a puppet in the hands of the leaders. Members of the society were not ethnically different from Han Chinese, but subscribed to a belief based on a mixture of Taoism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism. This rebellion wasn't the direct down fall of the Qing dynasty. "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." Barend Joannes Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. On assuming effective power in 1799, however, Emperor Chia Ch'ing (reigned 17961820) overthrew the Ho-shen clique and gave support to the efforts of the more vigorous Manchu commanders as a way of restoring discipline and morale. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. Here, the White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. The White Lotus Rebellion White Lotus (Pai-lien chiao) sectarianism appealed to Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family. Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. ThoughtCo. Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. BJ Ter Haar has argued that the term "White Lotus" was used primarily by Ming and Qing imperial bureaucrats to disparagingly explain a wide range of unconnected millenarian traditions, rebel movements, and popular religious practices. A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. - systematic program of pacification followed, Causes and effects of internal challenges; Wh, taiping (Taip'ing) rebellion: reasons for the, taping rebellionconsequences for Chinese soc, tongzhi restoration and self-strengthening mo, collectivisation (maintenance of power, stali, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. He declared that to prevent the capture of the young prince when a child, he had fled with him and concealed him beyond the borders of China. In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. How did the Rebellion impact Qing society? The feared Manchu banners, since their conquests of the early 1700s, showed they were no longer a military force of much value, and the emperor had to recruit a new army made up of Chinese militia. Without a clear enemy to fight against, brutality against civilians became more common. A pattern emerged of growing rice in the valley bottoms, corn on the lower mountain slopes, and Irish potatoes on the higher land. }, Page last modified: Other White Lotus spinoffs include the Eight Trigrams, the Tiger Whips, and the Yihequan (Boxers). The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the densely forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless peasant refugees(liumin, see also shed people) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. however it was indirectly responsible because it was the catalyst for the other rebellions that occurred in the future. Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than 4,000 soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Without a clear enemy to fight against, brutality against civilians became more common. The White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Civil conflicts including the White Lotus Rebellion (1774-1805), Xinjiang wars (1820s and 1860s) and Taiping Civil War (1850-64) broke out across Qing China. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan . Instead, Britain began a lucrative, illicit trade in opium, traded from British imperial India into Canton, far from Beijing. Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912. Other White Lotus spinoffs include the Eight Trigrams, the Tiger Whips, and the Yihequan (Boxers). One Qing response was to suppress the word "revolution" by banning it from their world-history textbooks. Nevertheless, where can you catch hints that the -angel longs for his former state? The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[9]. As one Qing official complained:[9]. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Imperial Mistakes By that time, however, the regular government forces were too ridden with corruption to be of any use. Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. Beginning as enslavement protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many citizens. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. His rule covered a span of 63 years, a reign lo, Kublai Khan In particular, the court marked itself off from its subjects in certain religious, linguistic, ritual, and social characteristics, always presenting themselves as outside conquerors. Kublai Khan (1215-1294) was the greatest of the Mongol emperors after Genghis Khan and founder of the Yan dynasty in China., Tibet The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. The balance of power had tipped decidedly away from the imperial court and toward the foreign powers. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.scribd.com/doc/37359117/Bodycount-Final, http://books.google.com/books?id=Md801mHEeOkC&pg=PA9, History of Chinese Culture on History.com. XIX Century Civil Wars. International imperialism brought the Opium Wars (1840-42 and 1856-60), Sino-French War (1884-85), Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and Boxer War (1898-1900). When the last Chinese dynastythe Qing dynastyfell in 19111912, it marked the end of the nation's incredibly long imperial history. 22 Feb. 2023
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white lotus rebellion