WebANTIOCH, SCHOOL OF The common doctrinal tendencies, particularly in exegesis and Christology, that characterized the theological thinkers and writers who represented the Antiochian tradition. According to Edwards, the most that can be inferred from Origens extant writings is that the human soul is created in the hand of God immediately before embodiment, but this does not entail any supposed punitive fall from heaven, as Platonists contend. I was in search of an online course; Perfect e Learn 0000008544 00000 n It was generally in contrast with and sometimes opposed to the theology of Alexandria. [14] Riemer Roukema, Law of Nature, in The Westminster Handbook of Origen, ed. It would be a mistake to say that the literal sense of a text was irrelevant for Origen; rather, discerning the literal sense was the necessary means by which one could attain the spiritual sense. Had a great experience here. WebAlexandrian and Antiochian approaches to hermeneutics as deployed by John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nyssa as they work with the Beatitudes Typically, the view of Alexandrian and Antiochian hermeneutics has been one of dichotomy: Alexandrians were allegorical, and Antiochians were literal-historical. But rather than undermining the doctrine of biblical inspiration, Origen saw these inconsistencies as divinely intended pointers to the deeper, spiritual meaning. This led him to a rather syncretistic blend of Hellenistic cosmology and Logos christology, with the result that later interpreters would fault Clement for some of his Gnostic tendencies. WebCompatibility of Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology - Read online for free. As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. WebThe notion that there existed a distinction between so-called Alexandrian and Antiochene exegesis in the ancient church has become a common assumption among theologians. We follow a systematic approach to the process of learning, examining and certifying. This method is set forth most explicitly in his work De Principiis (On First Principles), and is also evident in his numerous commentaries. 0000008565 00000 n Resumen: Cirilo de Alejandra no slo fue uno de los mejores telogos cristianos de su poca, sino que tambin se destaca en las filas de los ms grandes escritores patrsticos de todas las generaciones, como quiz el ms poderoso exponente de la cristologa que la Iglesia haya conocido. By answering that question in the negative, the church acknowledged some degree of discontinuity with Mosaic Law. recommend Perfect E Learn for any busy professional looking to Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. For Origen, fixation on the literal sense is precisely what led both Jews and Gnostics astray. Origens chief target was Marcion (ca. [23] But the reason for this is historical rather than anthropological. [18] In fact, throughout his Romans commentary, Origen arguesthat Paul speaks more often of natural law than Mosaic Law. [18] Cf. Cyril insists that Mary, the mother of God, should be called Theotokos. WebCyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. On the one hand, Jewish interpreters insisted on the total and literal application of Mosaic Law, compelling Christians to defend the supremacy of the revelation of Christ. But the relationship between these two senses is like that between an earthenware vessel and a treasure hidden inside. Although Philo was Jewish, his impact would prove to be far greater on later Christian interpreters, such as Clement. [1] Donald Fairbairn, Patristic Exegesis and Theology: The Cart and the Horse, Westminster Theological Journal 69 (2007), 10-11; Brevard Childs, The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2004), 132-33; Frances Young, Alexandrian and Antiochene Exegesis, in History of Biblical Interpretation, ed. First, it is a mistake to simply say that for Origen, ceremonial laws are literal, and moral laws are spiritual. Cristo tena dos naturalezas. There is no record of a formal school such as apparently existed at alexandria, although lucian of antioch directed his didascalion and Diodore of Tarsus his As a result, the Alexandrians tended to see Mosaic Law in terms of continuity, and the Antiochenes tended to see it in terms of discontinuity. WebThe theology of the Alexandrian school was influenced by the Platonic traditions of Philosophy. WebAlexandria as they had his teacher Origen, but Arius almost single-handedly ushered in an era in which the church was well-nigh intoxicated with Christology, though he did so from a Trinitarian perspective and did not waste much time on the articulation between Christs disparate natures. Finally, I will conclude by arguing that the Reformed traditions approach to Mosaic Law contains both Alexandrian and Antiochene elements. This was seen in Clements belief in the eternity of matter and thought, and in cosmic cycles predating the creation of the world. Conceiving Orthodox Christology, reviewing Cyril - pillar of faith'- Miaphysite Soteriology, in light of recent theological research, by Kasper, McGuckin, Meunier, Schoonenberg, Wickham, et al, Dogma and spirituality in Cyrillian logic. WebANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY The dominant theology of the early Church in Antioch. [2] Henning Graf Reventlow, History of Biblical Interpretation, trans. (LogOut/ These and works of a similar nature are the works by which he says no one can be saved[21], Three observations ought to be noted here. Grade 10 and 12 level courses are offered by NIOS, Indian National Education Board established in 1989 by the Ministry of Education (MHRD), India. helped me to continue my class without quitting job. Even the ceremonial laws have a spiritual sense, although it may be comparatively more obscure than for the moral laws. 85-160), whose name has become synonymous with an excessively lowview of the Old Testament. For Origen, God ordained this historical event in order to guide his people from the letter to the spirit. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. 0000009410 00000 n M. F. Wiles and E. J. Yarnold (Peeters: Leuven, 2001), 306. The goal of this paper will be to evaluate the life and work of one representative of the Alexandrian tradition, Origen of Alexandria. [24] Without a temple, there no longer existed the possibility of a priesthood or a sacrificial system. On the other hand, the term Anthropotokos acknowledges that Mary is the mother of this man but can itself be taken to suggest that he is merely a man, which again is offensive to orthodox Christian faith in the deity of Christ. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Thanks to Moses and the ceremonial laws, a certain part of humankind began to be liberated from the kingdom of sin and death, and cleansing of sins began to be ushered in.[26] Origen even goes so far as to say that the Mosaic Law is a life-giving Spirit for those who understand it spiritually.[27] He argues that it is precisely on this point that both Jews and Marcionites fall into error. Towards the aim, Perfect E learn has already carved out a niche for itself in India and GCC countries as an online class provider at reasonable cost, serving hundreds of students. 0000004287 00000 n Alan J. Hauser and Duane F. Watson (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2003), 352. program which is essential for my career growth. [14] Origen was persuaded that all rational creatures, excepting young children,[15] were accountable to some law or another. This article questions the value of the categories the school of Antioch and Antiochene christology on the basis of the significant theological differences between the two central figures in the school: John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia, both of whom studied together at the school of Diodore of Tarsus in the late fourth century. [9] These tenets include the participation of created objects in eternal, incorporeal Forms, the impossibility of predicating truth about God, and the transmigration of the soul. Hovorun, Serhiy. Philo, a wealthy first-century Jew, was well known for his efforts to integrate Greek philosophy and Jewish theology. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. 0000007102 00000 n 0000005673 00000 n WebAlexandria as they had his teacher Origen, but Arius almost single-handedly ushered in an era in which the church was well-nigh intoxicated with Christology, though he did so from a Trinitarian perspective and did not waste much time on the articulation between Christs disparate natures. have discontinued my MBA as I got a sudden job opportunity after successful learners are eligible for higher studies and to attempt competitive But the nature and extent of this discontinuity would continue to be debated. On the other hand, Gnostic interpreters often denigrated Mosaic Law by ascribing it to an inferior deity, compelling Christians to defend the inspiration and authority of the Old Testament. This distinction corresponds in some degree to his distinction between letter and spirit, and it is only the ceremonial law as letter that Origen rejects. Christ had two natures. It is indeed a good and necessary step in the hermeneutical process. He found, in the expressions Mother of God and God suffering, little more than an ignorant piety that had cut so many corners in its implications that it stood very close to pagan mythical conceptions of the deity. For instance, Wai-Shing Chau writes that Origen was operating on a Middle-platonic scheme, as is evident in his notions concerning the Father as the supreme mind, the existence of intermediaries between mind and the material world, and the pre-existence of the soul. 0000000940 00000 n [6] Karlfried Froehlich, Biblical Interpretation in the Early Church (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984), 15-16. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. 120-146], The Mystery of the Impossible Union of Divinity and Humanity in Jesus Christ, "The Bishop of Rome and the Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon, AD 451: Why Pope Leo Is Doctrinal and Disciplinary Demands were Met," MA Thesis (2011), Duo filii and the homo assumptus in the Christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia: The Greek fragments of the Commentary on John., Is There Room for Two? Cyrils Single Subjectivity and the Prosopic Union., Nestorius and Cyril: 5th Century Christological Division and Re, The Volition of Christ: A Contextual and Philosophical Christology Study, THE CHRISTIAN PARADIGM OF A UNITED EUROPE Theologie and Mystique in the Work of Saint Cyril of Alexandria, CHRISTOLOGICAL THOUGHT OF THE SYRIAC FATHERS. Clement (d. ca. 0000009443 00000 n [2] Even during his own lifetime, he would prove to be a controversial figure. [] Note: this is the second part of a paper originally written for a class on the History of Biblical Interpretation at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. Nestorio fue entronizado como arzobispo el 10 de abril 428. Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. For Ariu s Christ was a creature, generated 0000002620 00000 n 0000002908 00000 n My childs preference to complete Grade 12 from Perfect E Learn was almost similar to other children. 1 (2008), 95-110, The Lynching of Nestorius: Cyril, The Strongman of Alexandria, Created or uncreated: The influence of philosophy and cultural normatives on the development of opposing interpretations of Christ as Logos leading up to Nicaea, The Christology of Eutyches at the Council of Constantinople 448. WebThe Antiochenes looked at Scripture for moral improvement; the Alexandrians sought theosis through contemplative reading. Dr. Pittenger's Criticism of the Alexandrine Christology.-In one place Dr. Pittenger admits that the Alexandrine and the Antiochene are two legitimate ways of thinking on the Person of our Lord, and that each of them will have adherents and admirers all the time. 0000003186 00000 n In their Christology they stressed the divinity of Christ. All the courses are of global standards and recognized by competent authorities, thus %PDF-1.3 % 0000008977 00000 n test, which makes it an ideal choice for Indians residing the 10/12 Board The Alexandrian Christology is usually referred to as Christology from above, orLogos SarxChristology. WebThe Alexandrian and Antiochian Christological Thoughts1 Many scholars attribute the problem of the Christological formula concerning the nature of Christ "Mia-physis and Dyophyses" to the controversy between the Alexandrian and the Antiochian theology. At the same time, Origens eschatology suggests that the body is a mere stepping stone to a higher reality, one in which we enjoy immediate communion with God unencumbered by carnal habits like eating and drinking.[10]. Educational programs for all ages are offered through e learning, beginning from the online Alexandria had it's own form of Christology, that defined the Human Nature in the Hypostatic Union to be a generic human nature, and this was in contrast (although not incompatible) with the Antiochene Christology that define's Christ's Human nature as a specific human being. James O. Duke (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2009), 1:174-78. [25], Third, Origen does not argue that the letters proper function is to kill. I This is why Origen can speak of Christian baptism as the spiritual equivalent of circumcision (Calvinists were not the first to make this connection!). Rather than being a prison house, our bodies give us the opportunity to exercise virtue and grow into the likeness of God. In large measure, Origen inherited this de-historicizing and allegorizing approach to Scripture from two earlier Alexandrians: Philo and Clement. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. [7] Piotr Ashwin-Siejkowski, Clement of Alexandria on Trial: The Evidence of Heresy from Photius Bibliotheca (Boston: Brill, 2010), 40-43, 75. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Cyril plunges into the debate with sharp invective, addressing one document To Nestorius, the new Judas. The Alexandrian Christology is usually referred to as Christology from above, orLogos SarxChristology. 3:6). 0000000867 00000 n Externally, the schools are not as distinct as they have been made out to be: the Alexandrians do not allegorize away the OT as much as has been thought, and the Antiochenes are not necessarily more literal in their methods than the Alexandrians. Antiochene side. exams to Degree and Post graduation level. WebCyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. El historiador contemporneo Scrates Scholasticus calific a Nestorio de hombre orgulloso e ignorante, cuyo innato e indiscutible poder de oratoria ocult una debilidad de pensamiento incisivo. Este es a la vez poderoso y frgil, majestuoso y humilde. This makes Origen unique among early Christian interpreters in ascribing such a pedagogical significance to the fall of Jerusalem. [17] All of these laws, however, were in some sense an expression of Gods unchanging moral will. The New Testament describes the early controversy over the question of whether to circumcise Gentile believers (Acts 15). While the Alexandrian school adopted the "hypostasis union" or the "nature union" of the It is at once powerful and fragile, majestic and humble. Such a categorization would overlook the dual aspect of every text of Scripture. Jesus Christ was both fully human and fully divine. [8] On the other hand, Mark Edwards has recently argued in his book Origen against Plato that Origen denies many of the fundamental tenets of Platonism. Angels were bound to natural law,[16] Gentiles to natural and civil laws, Jews to natural and ceremonial laws, and Christians to the law of Christ. John Anthony McGuckin (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004), 140-41. [13] Origen, Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, Books 1-5, trans. Then, there were many different viewpoints of the doctrine proposed by Alexandrian School (ex: Arius, Athansius, and Apollinarius) and Antiochene School (ex: Cyril insists that while of itself human nature is not powerful but passible, in its union with the godhead, as in the dynamic act of Incarnation, the human nature of the Logos thereby becomes an instrument of omnipotent power and thus, in a real thought paradoxical sense, an omnipotent instrument. That is, the impossibility to keep the letter of the law is not due to human sin, as later Protestant interpreters would argue. 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[6] But such truth was often expressed in the form of enigmas, symbols, and allegories. WebANTIOCH, SCHOOL OF The common doctrinal tendencies, particularly in exegesis and Christology, that characterized the theological thinkers and writers who represented the Antiochian tradition. Our online courses offer unprecedented opportunities for people who would otherwise have limited access to education. He writes: The works which Paul repudiates and frequently criticizes are not the works of righteousness which are commanded in the law, but those in which they boast, who keep the law according to the flesh; that is to say, the circumcision of the flesh, the sacrificial rituals, and the observance of Sabbaths and new moon festivals. 0000001237 00000 n The contemporary historian Socrates called Nestorius a proud and ignorant man whose innate and undisputed oratorical power masked a weakness of incisive thought. i.e, word became flesh. Nestorius was enthroned as archbishop on April 10th 428. [4] Elizabeth Lauro, Reconsidering Origens Two Higher Senses of Scriptural Meaning: Identifying the Psychic and Pneumatic Senses, in Studia Patristica 34, ed. However, church historians have long since recognized that this distinction is neither wholly accurate nor helpful in exegetical studies. In other words, Grace is the essence of Sinai, but it is veiled until Calvary. For him, God the Logos raised the dead Lazarus, while the man Jesus wept at the tomb. WebANTIOCHENE THEOLOGY The dominant theology of the early Church in Antioch. Origens doctrine of the body seems to directly parallel his doctrine of biblical interpretation. WebAntiochene exegetes tended to insist more than their Alexandrian counterparts on the importance of seeing each biblical passage in its context within the longer narrative of Israels history, and to search for practical, moral applications, while Alexandrian interpreters tended to be more interested in the theological and spiritual meaning. A term paper written on the prompt: "With reference to the dispute between Cyril and Nestorius evaluate the assessment that Antiochene and Alexandrian Christologies are ultimately incompatible." Cyril of Alexandria was not only one of the finest Christian theologians of his day, he also stands out in the ranks of the greatest patristic writers of all generations as perhaps the most powerful exponent of Christology the church has known. The Christology of the Fourth Letter of Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite: Chalcedonian or Monophysite? [1] The Alexandrian tradition thus placed a heavier emphasis on the trans-historical, spiritual meaning of Scripture, while the Antiochene tradition stressed the primacy of the literal, historically situated meaning of Scripture. Theodore of Mopsuestia prefers to speak of the perfect union of Christs natures rather than synthesis. I will show how the distinction between law and gospel in his Commentary on Galatians favors the discontinuity of Mosaic Law. These traditions were distinguished, not so much by neatly distinct exegetical practices (as a previous generation of scholars had thought), as by differing conceptions of history, and by the respective influences of contemporary philosophical and rhetorical schools. These are the somatic, the psychic, and the pneumatic senses. 0000007081 00000 n WebAlexandrian and Antiochene theologians were expedient hermeneuts, meaning they utilized whichever exegetical practice (allegory, typology, literal, historical) that would supply them with their desired theology or interpretive conclusion. WebCompatibility of Antiochene and Alexandrian Christology - Read online for free. In these works, Origen describes a threefold distinction in the meanings of Scripture, which correspond to body, soul, and spirit. This sets up another important distinction in Origens conception of Mosaic Lawnamely, that between the ceremonial law and the moral law. trailer << /Size 68 /Info 40 0 R /Root 43 0 R /Prev 25978 /ID[<3b600cd983abb0cf4f9f19502a618cce><3b600cd983abb0cf4f9f19502a618cce>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 43 0 obj << /Pages 41 0 R /Type /Catalog /Outlines 14 0 R >> endobj 66 0 obj << /S 85 /T 149 /O 195 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 67 0 R >> stream
difference between alexandrian and antiochene christology pdf